Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwendlela yokucubungula, indlela yokulondoloza kanye nomswakama kungenye yezindlela zokuhlukanisa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo.

Ngokwale ndlela, ukudla kungahlukaniswa kube ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezomile, ukudla okusemathinini nokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezimanzi.Enye indlela ukuhlukanisa ukudla ngokwezinga lakho kanye nephethini yokuthengisa emakethe.Ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo kungahlukaniswa kube ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo okuvamile nokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezithandwayo.

ukudla kwesilwane esomile

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezithengwa abanikazi bezilwane ukudla okomile.Lokhu kudla kuqukethe umswakama osuka ku-6% kuya ku-12% kanye no-88% wezinto ezomile.

Ama-grits, amabhisikidi, izimpushana, nokudla okukhukhumele konke ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezomile, okudume kakhulu kukho ukudla okukhukhumele (oku-extruded).Izithako ezijwayeleke kakhulu ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezomile ukudla kwamaprotheni emvelaphi yezitshalo nezilwane, okufana ne-corn gluten meal, ubhontshisi wesoya, ukudla kwenkukhu nenyama kanye nemikhiqizo yakhona, kanye nokudla okusha kwamaprotheni ezilwane.Imithombo yama-carbohydrate yizinhlamvu ezingakacutshungulwa noma okusanhlamvu okusanda kukhiqizwa njengommbila, ukolweni nelayisi;imithombo yamafutha amafutha ezilwane noma amafutha emifino.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kufana kakhulu futhi kuphelele ngesikhathi sokuxuba, amavithamini namaminerali anganezelwa ngesikhathi sokuxuba.Iningi lokudla okomile kwezilwane zanamuhla kucutshungulwa nge-extrusion.I-Extrusion inqubo yokushisa ephezulu esheshayo epheka, ibumba futhi ikhukhumeze okusanhlamvu ngenkathi i-gelatinizing amaprotheni.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu, kanye nomphumela wokunwetshwa kanye ne-gelatinization yesitashi ngemva kokwakhiwa yizona ezihamba phambili.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kokushisa okuphezulu kungasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvala inzalo ukuze kuqedwe ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic.Ukudla okukhishiwe kuye komiswa, kupholiswe futhi kuhlanganiswe.Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kanye nemikhiqizo yawo ewomile eyomile noma ewohlokayo ewuketshezi ngokuzikhethela kungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kokudla.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza amabhisikidi ezinja kanye negrits yekati neyenja idinga inqubo yokubhaka.Le nqubo ihilela ukuxuba zonke izithako ndawonye ukuze zenze inhlama efana ne-homogeneous, bese ibhakwa.Uma wenza amabhisikidi ezifuywayo, inhlama ingalolongwa noma isikwe ibe yisimo oyifunayo, futhi amabhisikidi abhakiwe afana namakhukhi noma ama-crackers.Lapho kukhiqizwa ukudla kwamakati nezinja okusanhlamvu, izisebenzi zendlalela inhlama epanini elikhulu lokubhaka, ziyibhake, ziyihlephule zibe izingcezu ezincane ngemva kokupholisa, bese ziyipakisha.

Ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezomile kuyehluka kakhulu ekubunjweni komsoco, ukwakheka kwezithako, izindlela zokucubungula, nokubukeka.Abafana ngakho ukuthi umthamo wamanzi uphansi, kodwa okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kuyehluka kusuka ku-12% kuya ku-30%;kanti amafutha angama-6% kuya ku-25%.Imingcele efana nokwakheka kwezithako, okuqukethwe kwezakhi kanye nokugxila kwamandla kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kuhlolwa ukudla okomile okuhlukile.

ukudla kwesilwane esifuywayo okungamanzi

Udumo lokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo olumanzi kancane lwehlile eminyakeni yamuva.Umswakamo walokhu kudla ungama-15% kuya ku-30%, kanti izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko yizicubu zezilwane ezisanda kufakwa noma eziqandisiwe, okusanhlamvu, amafutha kanye noshukela olula.Inokwakheka okuthambile kunokudla okomile, okwenza yamukeleke kakhulu ezilwaneni futhi ithuthukise ukunambitha.Njengokudla okomile, ukudla okuningi okumanzi kancane kukhishwa ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwakho.

Ngokuya ngokubunjwa kwezithako, ukudla kungenziwa ngesitimu ngaphambi kokukhishwa.Kukhona futhi nezidingo ezikhethekile zokukhiqizwa kokudla okungamanzi.Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi okudla okungamanzi, ezinye izithako kufanele zengezwe ukuvimbela umkhiqizo ukuthi ungonakali.

Ukulungisa umswakama emkhiqizweni ukuze ungasetshenziswa amagciwane ekukhuleni, ushukela, isiraphu yommbila nosawoti kwengezwa ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezingamanzi.Izilwane eziningi ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ezimanzi kancane ziqukethe inani eliphezulu likashukela olula, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwakho kanye nokugayeka kokudla.Izilondolozi ezifana ne-potassium sorbate zivimbela ukukhula kwemvubelo nesikhunta ngakho-ke zinikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kumkhiqizo.Amanani amancane ama-asidi aphilayo angehlisa i-pH yomkhiqizo futhi angasetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane.Ngenxa yokuthi iphunga lokudla okumanzi kancane ngokuvamile lincane kunelokudla okusemathinini, futhi ukupakishwa komuntu ngamunye kulula kakhulu, kuthandwa abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo.

Ukudla kwesilwane esifuywayo esimanzi kancane akudingi ukufakwa esiqandisini ngaphambi kokuvula futhi kuneshelufu ende yokuphila.Uma kuqhathaniswa nesisekelo sesisindo sento eyomile, intengo yokudla okusemanzini ngokuvamile iphakathi kokudla okomile nokudla okusemathinini.

Ukudla kwesilwane esifuywayo okusemathinini

Inqubo yokufaka amathini iyinqubo yokupheka eshisa kakhulu.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlukahlukene zixutshwe, ziphekwe futhi zipakishwe emathinini ensimbi ashisayo anezivalo futhi ziphekwe ku-110-132 ° C imizuzu engu-15-25 kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwekani nesiqukathi.Ukudla kwesilwane esifuywayo okusemathinini kugcina u-84% womswakama wako.Amanzi amaningi enza imikhiqizo esemathinini ibe mnandi kakhulu, ekhangayo kubathengi abaphakela izilwane ezifuywayo ezixakile, kodwa futhi eqolo ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphezulu zokucubungula.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokudla kwesilwane esifuywayo okusemathinini: esisodwa esinikeza umsoco olinganiselayo ngentengo egcwele;enye esetshenziswa kuphela njengesithasiselo sokudla noma ngezinjongo zokwelapha kuphela ngendlela yenyama esemathinini noma inyama ekhiqizwe ngemikhiqizo.Ukudla okusemathinini okunenani eliphelele, okunokulinganisela kungase kube nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezingavuthiwe, njengenyama engenawo amandla, inkukhu noma inhlanzi, okusanhlamvu, amaprotheni emifino akhishiwe, namavithamini namaminerali;ezinye zingaqukatha uhlobo olulodwa noma ezimbili kuphela zenyama engenawo amandla noma imikhiqizo yezilwane , futhi zengeze izithasiselo ezanele zamavithamini namaminerali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudla okuphelele.Isigaba sesibili sokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ekheniwe kuvame ukuthi leyo mikhiqizo yenyama ekheniwe equkethe inyama ebhalwe ngenhla, kodwa ayinazo izithasiselo zamavithamini noma amaminerali.Lokhu kudla akwenzelwanga ukunikeza umsoco ophelele futhi kuhloswe ukuthi kusetshenziswe kuphela njengesengezo ekudleni okunenani eligcwele, ukudla okulinganiselayo noma ngezinjongo zokwelapha.